Lesson 4: Parts of Speech - Verbs
Verbs describe what something does.
Verbs have a variety of different tenses. The dictionary form is generally present-tense. This tense is for something that is going on now, or is a recurring event. Examples: I run at 6AM every day. The other tenses are:
Present progressive. These describe an event that is happening as you speak. "I am running."
Past. This describes an action that happened and was completed in the past. "I ran yesterday."
Past progressive. This describes an action which was going on at the point in time which you are talking about. "I was running when something happened."
Future. This describes, simply, an event that will happen in the future. "I will run tomorrow."
Present Perfect. This describes an event which started in the past and continued up to present day. "I have lived here for 5 years."
Present Perfect Progressive. This describes an event which started in the past, and is still going on, and may continue going on. "I have been running for 30 minutes."
Past perfect. This describes something that happened in the past and was completed at a later point, still in the past. "I had lived there for 5 years."
Future Perfect. This describes an action that will be finished in the future. "I will have lived here for 5 years next month."
Verbs can also be passive. This occurs when what would be the object becomes the subject. Passive verbs are identified by auxiliary verbs which is generally a tense of the copula [is]. Examples: "The parts were shipped yesterday." Compare to: "The company shipped the parts yesterday."
See Lesson 2 for details on transitive/intransitive verbs.