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Shinobi Villages (Shinobi no Sato)
Shinobi or Hidden Villages (Shinobi no Sato, 忍の里 or Kakurezato, 隠れ里) are parts of Countries, whose leaders stand equally with the landlords ruling the countries they are a part of. A Hidden Village maintains its economy by training its citizens to be Ninja from a young age and using them as manpower in various missions others would be willing to pay for, from weeding a garden for a single payment to receiving a constant budget from the country it resides in for being soldiers in case the country is involved in a war.


Konohagakure no Sato (Hidden Leaf Village)

Konohagakure no Sato (Hidden Leaf Village)Name: Konohagakure no Sato, 木ノ葉隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden Among Tree Leaves" a.k.a. "Hidden Leaf Village" a.k.a "Village Hidden in the Leaves"
Leader: Hokage
Country: Hi no Kuni (Land of Fire)
As one of the five great ninja villages, Konohagakure has a Kage as leader. Although Konoha Village, much like the country that it is in, has been peaceful for the past twelve years or so and has grown accustomed to it, it is a village with a very high population of Ninja and, therefore, has great military power. In the Chūnin exam alone, out of the 153 Genin participating, the Leaf Village had 82 Ninja trying to become Chūnins, whereas all others had considerably fewer (30 from the Sunagakure, 21 from the Amegakure, 6 from the Kusagakure and 3 from the Otogakure) although this may have been because Konoha hosted the event. It has been mentioned that villages (such as the Hidden Mist Village) have had exams of their own in the past, and presumably this holds for the present as well.
Konohagakure is the home to several noteworthy clans (some even with advanced bloodlines), among them the Hyūga Clan, the nearly exinct Uchiha clan (whose only remaining members are Uchiha Sasuke and Uchiha Itachi, who is responsible for killing the rest of the clan), the Aburame clan, and the Akimichi clan.
Kishimoto Masashi says: "Yes, there is [a model for Hidden Leaf Village], it's my hometown. Where I lived as a kid was near a military base so there were lots of training fields. And near that was the city. Because I grew up in a place like that, I was interested in things like Special Forces, military maps, three man teams, etc."

Kirigakure no Sato (Hidden Mist Village)
Name: Kirigakure no Sato, 霧隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden in (the) Mist" a.k.a. "Hidden Mist Village"
Leader: Mizukage
Country: Mizu no Kuni (Land of Water)
As one of the five great ninja villages, Kirigakure has a Kage as leader. Little is currently known about Kirigakure, except that its ninja specialise in water-type jutsu. In the past, the graduation exam for becoming Genin was very different than the standard in Kirigakure: students who had been friends, trained together, and ate from the same table, were pitted against one another in fights to the death. This gruesome method was cut short, however, when Momochi Zabuza, a boy who had failed to pass the preliminary exam to even attend the ninja academy, went mad and killed all of the students in that year's graduating class.
This village was once the home of the famous Kaguya clan and the Seven Swordsmen, who were famous for using giant swords. Unfortunately, the Kaguya Clan got wiped out because they went to war on their own village, and two of their swordsmen, Hoshigaki Kisame and Momochi Zabuza became missing-nins. The reason for the Kaguya's clan actions was their love for battle & killing. Presumbaly Mizu no Kuni was already at peace which caused the clan to attack their ninja village for their love of battle which they believed they would win. However despite their incredible bloodline, a large army of ninja's from Kirigakure no Sato that defeated the clan. According to the anime, this happened before Momochi Zabuza's rebellion.

Otogakure no Sato (Hidden Sound Village)

Iwagakure no Sato (Hidden Rock Village)
Name: Iwagakure no Sato, 岩隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden Among (the) Rocks" a.k.a. "Hidden Rock Village"
Leader: Tsuchikage
Country: Tsuchi no Kuni (Land of Earth)
As one of the five great ninja villages, Iwagakure has a Kage as leader. Little is known about it, but it stands to reason that its ninja specialise in earth jutsu. In the past, the village was at war with Konohagakure no Sato, the war in which the Kakashi Gaiden arc took place.
One of its S-class missing-nin, Deidara (now part of the organization Akatsuki) has mouths in both hands that enable him to manipulate chakra-enhanced clay. He molds the clay into animal-like sculptures that he can use to fly or create a nuke-like bomb.

Amegakure no Sato (Hidden Rain Village)
Name: Amegakure no Sato, 雨隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden in (the) Rain" a.k.a. "Hidden Rain Village"
Leader: ?
Country: Ame no Kuni (Land of Rain)
Nothing apart from that is known about it at this point, but it stands to reason that its Ninja specialise in specific types of water-type jutsu. They are also skilled in using umbrella and needle rains as their attacks, as well as Genjutsu and some form of stealth suits.

Kusagakure no Sato (Hidden Grass Village)
Name: Kusagakure no Sato, 草隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden in (the) Grass"
Leader: ?
Country: Kusa no Kuni (Land of Grass)
Kusagakure is a part of the Land of the Grass. Nothing apart from that is known about it at this point, but it stands to reason that its Ninja specialise in jutsu involving flora. Judging from the ninja that have hailed from Kusagakure, (several Genin resembling Japanese monsters and, possibly, an S-rank half-plant cannibal), it can be assumed that this village is far less pleasant than Konohagakure.
During the second Chūnin exam, Orochimaru and the Sound Four pretend to be a three-man Genin team from the Kusagakure.

Takigakure no Sato (Hidden Waterfall Village)
Name: Takigakure no Sato, 滝隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden in a Waterfall" a.k.a. "Hidden Waterfall Village"
Leader: Shibuki
Country: Taki no Kuni (Land of the Waterfall)
Takigakure is a part of Taki no Kuni. Nothing apart from that is known about it at this point, but it stands to reason that its Ninja specialise in specific types of water-type jutsu. Also, its leader processed a type of water that was extracted from a tree, which gives the user ten times the power in exchange for part of their life.
This Hidden Village has only been seen in the second Naruto OVA Episode, making some people believe it's not canon. However Takigakure was named on Kabuto's information cards about the Chūnin exams, making the village canon. There were 6 participants from Takigakure in the first chūnin exam, none of whom made it to the third.

Kumogakure no Sato (Hidden Cloud Village)
Name: Kumogakure no Sato, 雲隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden Among the Clouds" a.k.a. "Hidden Cloud Village"
Leader: Raikage
Country: Kaminari no Kuni (Land of Thunder)
As one of the five great Ninja villages, Kumogakure has a Kage as leader. Kumogakure's Kage is named the Raikage. Nothing apart from that is known about it at this point, but it stands to reason that its Ninja specialise in electric jutsu.

Sunagakure no Sato (Hidden Sand Village)
Name: Sunagakure no Sato, 砂隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden in (the) Sand" a.k.a. "Hidden Sand Village"
Leader: Kazekage (Gaara)
Country: Kaze no Kuni (Land of Wind)
As one of the five great ninja villages, Sunagakure has a Kage as leader. Sunagakure's Kage is named the Kazekage. With the military forces of Sunagakure being scaled down by Kaze no Kuni's landlord, the leader of Hidden Sand realised that they must increase the quality of each Ninja to maintain a military force (stopping at nothing to achieve that - see Gaara). As more time passed, the Lord started commissioning Konohagakure with requests he should have been making to Sunagakure. On top of this he began cutting back on the Sunagakure's budget. The Kazekage realised that if he didn't act quickly, Sunagakure would be in danger of disappearing. So, joining with Otogakure, the Kazekage plans to attack Konohagakure in order to teach the Lord a lesson and to re-establish Sunagakure's military force.
The techniques used by Sunagakure's shinobi could be said to have Ancient Egyptian undertones- sand (Gaara), wind (Temari, Baki) and wrapped mummies (Kankurō).

Yukigakure no Sato (Hidden Snow Village)
Name: Yukigakure no Sato, 雪隠れの里, literally "Village Hidden in (the) Snow" a.k.a. "Hidden Snow Village"
Leader: ?
Country: Yuki no Kuni (Land of Snow)
This is the Yukigakure ninja village that is featured in Naruto the Movie. Little information is known about this village at the time. In the movie, the ninja from this village had a special "chakra armor" which protected them from most attacks, and their jutsu arsenal typically used ice in the forms of various animals.

actually wikipedia has been advanced a bit since now including all the villages from the filler arc sweatdrop