Step one: Make a question.
Step two: Make answers.
Step three: Combine the two.

...Okay, a GOOD poll is sometimes a bit harder than that.
So how can we tell?
Well, polls have a LOT of different categories, but they usually fall into a few, larger categories: HUMOR, DEBATE, INTRODUCTION, and OPINION.

HUMOR:
Yeah. It tries to make you laugh. RANDOM polls are included in this group.
How to make a good one:
JOKE HUMOR: Put the beginning in the question, and the answer as the only poll option.
ALTERNATE HUMOR: Put the beginning of, say, a famous quote, as the question. Put the original ending as the first option, two weird and funny endings as the second and third, and an outright weird one as the fourth.
RANDOM HUMOR: This is just a different type of poll with a totally random answer as the last option ("poll whore" option not included). I usually use this format.

DEBATE:
These polls try to get your standpoint on a serious subject, like, say, the presidential candidates.
How to make a good one:
Ask your question in the question category. Put popular answers in the first few slots, then less popular but still logical answers in the last few. "Poll whore" option is recommended.

INTRODUCTION:
These polls ask a question or make a statement to get you in the subject of the topic below. These (as well as COUNTER polls) are hardly polls at all.
How to make a good one:
TOPIC INTRODUCTION: Ask a question or make a statement about your subject. Make one or two answers to go with.
COUNTER INTRODUCTION: Put "People counter" or something of the like as the question. Put one choice (usually blank or "+1").

OPINION:
These polls try to get voters to suggest what they want, usually used in art shops or special event topics.
How to make a good one:
GOOD/BAD OPINION: Ask a question, like, "Did I do well on this vector?". Add a "yes" choice, a "no" choice, a "neutral" choice, and sometimes a few in-betweeners. Do not add a "poll whore" option.
RATE OPINION: Ask a question, like, "Rate my avi from 1-10". Put the needed numbers as poll options. Be sure to put which side is good and which is bad, and do not put a "poll whore" option.
POPULAR OPINION: Ask a question, like, "What should be our next event?" or "Who is the winner?". Put the possible choices as options.