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http://www.besthealthmag.ca/embrace-life/sleep/why-we-have-nightmares
Why we have nightmares
If your sleep is disturbed by bad dreams, you're not alone. Find out what causes nightmares and what you can do to put an end to them
Nearly 70 percent of adults have nightmares—with an amazing 30 percent of us reporting that these terrifying dreams jerk us out of sleep as often as once a month.
Nightmare triggers
Nightmares can be caused by medications, oddball genes, degenerative neurological diseases like Alzheimer's, last night's tamales, traumatic events in the present, never-healed wounds from the past that a recent event has unmasked, and gut-level threats to health, safety, and the very sense of who you are.
Those who put a lid on expressing how they feel in response to stressful events during the day are likely to be taken for a ride by those emotions in the form of nightmares at night. And some, particularly people who are open and sensitive, may have a "thin" boundary between what's real and what's a dream—which means that their waking life is more than likely to stir up their night life and cause some pretty hairy dreams.
"A nightmare is a dysfunctional dream," explains Rosalind Cartwright, director of the sleep disorder service at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago. Instead of integrating the day's events and feelings with older, stored memories and defusing negative emotions — which is what some researchers feel a dream is supposed to do — the emotions your brain is processing overload your circuits, prevent their integration into older memories, and jerk you from sleep.
If you're in a bad car accident, for example, you may not be able to process all the negative emotions the accident generates right away, says Cartwright. The fear and your sense of vulnerability and mortality are overwhelming. So you may have nightmares for a while as your mind keeps working away at integrating your feelings. Once it does, however, the nightmares go away.
As Cartwright writes in her book Crisis Dreaming, "Nightmares are a cry for resolution for finding a way to incorporate the terrible experience into our lives. Occasional nightmares are normal," she adds. "But not nightly, and not over and over again."
How to banish nightmares
Nightmares are a sign of overload. Check with a doctor, psychiatrist, or therapist if you're depressed, if they recur, or if you discover that your dreams are caused by distressing feelings from the past that have been triggered by current events. Otherwise, here's how Cartwright suggests you keep them at bay:
• Recognize that the dream is bad while you're having it. This may sound impossible to do, but it's not. Simply resolve that you're going to do this before you fall asleep. It may take a few tries, but you'll get the hang of it.
• Identify what in the dream makes you feel bad. What are the feelings or events involved?
• Stop any bad dream. Believe it or not, you can do it — often simply by recognizing that it's bad.
• Change the ending. Turn what's negative into something positive. You may have to wake up to do it, but eventually you'll be able to tell yourself to write a better ending as you sleep.
• Keep a dream diary. Write down your dreams every morning. All your dreams, not just the nightmares. Then periodically review the ones that trouble you. Try to figure out why they're upsetting.
